A REWARDING AND SATISFYING CAREER
IN CHEMICAL RESEARCH
DANCING THROUGH THE BEAUTIFUL GARDEN OF CHEMISTRY
by
Jack Leland Riudavets Williams
Those of us fortunate to dance through the beautiful garden of chemistry during its blossoming years, 1950 to 1980, received a wonderful gift from nature.
It all really began in a serious way when I saw the varied colored vials of beautiful organic crystals in the class room of Roland Clark, my Physics teacher at Westglen High School in Edmonton. From that moment on I had to learn more and more about organic molecules and their structures. It was like a Tinker Toy game to play with the chemical bonds between carbons and with nitrogen,sulfur and oxygen.
Such was fascination in its most violent form! To be able to connect atoms together forming various molecules was like a drug. After entering the University of Alberta and finding myself in the laboratory working with Reuben Sandin, I was clinched into a chemical career. Then I began to pick beautiful flowers in the Garden of Chemistry.
My first bouquet was with Rube Sandin when I got hooked onto The Steric Inhibition of resonance with dimethylaminobenzene groups. That led to summer courses at the University of Chicago where I studied under Professors Wheland and Kharasch. What a great thrill for a boy from the prairies of Alberta. The steric inhibition bouquet I have never forgotten.
The Bouquet gathered with Carl S Marvel at Illinois was all consuming. In Marvels labs I was exposed to many disciplines though I was to center my efforts on synthetic rubbers. From there I was launched to the University of Wisconsin.
Exposure to the Blossom Bouquet of High Pressure Chemistry allowed by the Du Pont Post Doctoral Fellowship with Professor Homer Adkins at Wisconsin loaded me with yet another set of armaments. Exposure to hydrogenation and hydroformylation swelled my bill and I thrilled with the work I carried out on the hydroformylation of dienes.
Then came the entry into the KODAK garden where I would remain for about thirty years.......KODAK Research Laboratories. Those laboratories had been forever touted in academia as perhaps the foremost industrial place to go to do fundamental research in chemistry. How lucky I was to go there to a Chemistry Garden that was unlimited in spectrum!
Along came the need for polyvinyl hydroquinone. My background from Illinois allowed me to pick those blossoms without difficulty. Soon came selective hydrogenation studies which blossomed well. Then came the Blossoming of Polyesters and the search for polymers equalling Terylene as a film base. Some of those blossoms withered but the experience added greatly to the armaments. With a host of co-workers we had no real assignment. So we went off into the Chemical Garden and looked for soon to bloom plants. New Blossoms appeared as photocrosslinkable polymers for long run Lithographic Plates. Pyrylium salts blossomed finding uses as photosensitizers in resists and in organic photoconductors as well as various Laser systems where they functioned as Q switches and mode locking dyes for dye lasers.
Large Blossoms: Meanwhile small efforts studying the mechanism of the photodimerization of a number of unsaturated compounds took on real scientific interest and in some cases carried on into 1998 as materials of practical interest. During that era a number of us were actively participating in the external world of Organic Photochemistry, putting Kodak Research Laboratories on the map in those fields. Somewhat earlier we had established ourselves as the Non Silver Photochemistry Laboratory within Kodak. We were to Blossom further and present Plenary and other Lectures at IUPAC meetings.
Sour Grapes In The Garden of Chemistry: This was well before Research Chemists were pushed on by environmental and managerial superimposed stresses. It was a great era of freedom to do work in chemistry since we were trusted to follow our ideas to provide useful chemistries both for practical and theoretical purposes. Our leaders were those who had risen through the chemical ranks. There were no dropped in place managers. This lead to great loyalty in both directions. In the 1980s this changed when the classical type of Bull of The Woods type had more or less all retired. They were replaced by men who had little to contribute to the chemistry and the era Bean Counting took hold. This was evidenced by great attention to long range planning, close evaluation of staff performance, forecasting and accomplishment assessment and several other diversions. What else could these poor fellows do to justify their existence in the organization. All this cascaded into hours of tiresome meetings, promoting defences against the leaders and exhibition of suitable styles to please them. Many programs became activity oriented. More credit came to those organizers of a well organized failure than to those producing a poorly organized success. The arrival of the computer printout of monthly activities signalled farewell to long range research. Imposed controls became disheartening. Free wheeling research had led in the 1970s to the Copier program and the Long Run Litho plate, as well as several others to which I had no connection. They succeeded with chemicals that had been devised by free ranging chemists. My last few years at KRL were spent trying to protect my colleagues from our supervisors.
Such freedom is all gone now!
My luck of birth allowed me to walk away from this new era of charades and depart to the western farmlands before I could be trapped and skinned!
COLLEAGUES AND THE ORGANIC PHOTOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY
I was indeed fortunate to have had a group of very talented chemists surrounding me in my later tears at Kodak. During the early years I worked with several of the other chemists in the Chemistry department. Our work followd the needs of requirement of the research being done on new silver halide photographic systems. As the years moved along I gathered around me a large group of chemists for whom I was responsible. As changes in chemistries came along that group became mostly interested in non-silver photgraphic systems such as photodimerization, optical sensitization, energy transfer, electron transfer, the Chemistry of Vision, polyesters, materials for microcircuits, lithographic plates and a myriad of other systems including what are now called DVDs.
The following picture shows most of my laboratory members with the exception of four or five who didn’t attend the luncheon. We had lab luncheons about once a month during the summers, usually at my home in Clover Hills Drive, Rochester. The usual routine was to send an advanced party to get “ Submarine” sandwiches for all at Rubinos’ Italian Market. The lab was a melange of PhDs. MSc, BSc, Lab Technicians, Lab Assistants along with our wonderful laboratory secretary Valerie Goff.
AREAS OF RESEARCH:
ORGANIC REACTIONS/MONOMER SYNTHESIS
ORGANIC PHOTOCHEMISTRY/POLYMERS/PROBES
BORON PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND RELATED PAPERS
PHOTOCROSSLINKABLE POLYMERS/PHOTOREACTIVE POLYMERS
[ TOP ]
FIRST PUBLICATION
Johnston, H. W.; Williams, J. L. R.. Preparation of m-divinylbenzene. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1947), 69 2065
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UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Reuben B. Sandin,Jack R.L. Williams. Steric Inhibition of Resonance. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1947), 69 2747
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DOCTORAL / PhD RESEARCH
Marvel, C. S.; Williams, Jack L. R.. 2-Alkyl-1,3-butadienes. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1948), 70 3842-6
Marvel, C. S.; Williams, Jack L. R.. Copolymers of 1,3-butadiene and 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene. Journal of Polymer Science (1949), 4 265-72.
Marvel, C. S.; Williams, Jack L. R.; Baumgarten, Henry E. Emulsion polymerization of 2-alkyl-1,3-butadienes. Journal of Polymer Science (1949), 4 583-95
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POSTDOCTORAL WORK
Adkins, Homer; Williams, Jack L. R.. Hydroformylation of conjugated dienes. Journal of Organic Chemistry (1952), 17 980-7.
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ORGANIC REACTIONS / MONOMER SYNTHESIS
Williams, Jack L. R.. Dealkylation of dialkylhydroquinone diacetates with aluminum chloride. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1952), 74 6132-3.
Reynolds, D. D.; Cathcart, J. A.; Williams, J. L. R.. The preparation of vinylhydroquinone diacetate. Journal of Organic Chemistry (1953), 18 1709-15.
Williams, J. L. R.. p-Vinylacetophenone: the disproportionation of p-acetophenylmethylcarbinol. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1953), 75 2779-81. Williams, J. L. R.. Hydrogenation of hydroxy-substituted aromatic ketones and related compounds. Journal of Organic Chemistry (1954), 19 1205-14.
Reynolds, Delbert D.; Williams, Jack L. R.. 2,5-Diacetoxystyrene. (1956), US 2748160
Williams, Jack L. R.. Methoxyvinylnaphthalenes and their polymers. (1956), US 2739956 19560327
Minsk, Louis M.; Reynolds, Delbert D.; Williams, Jack L. R.. Interpolymers of 2,5-diacetoxystyrene, vinylhydroquinone monoacetate, vinylhydroquinone, and acrylic acid. (1956), US 2735837
Williams, J. L. R.; Borden, D. G.; Laasko, T. M. Vinylphenol derivatives. Journal of Organic Chemistry (1956), 21 1461-3
Williams, Jack L. R.. p-Acylstyrenes. (1957), US 2780649 19570205 ) Williams, J. L. R.. Hydrogenolysis of acylhydroquinones. Journal of Organic Chemistry (1957), 22 772-4.
Williams, J. L. R.; Dunham, K. R.; Laakso, T. M. Pyrolysis of organic carbonates. Journal of Organic Chemistry (1958), 23 676-9
Williams, J. L. R.; Reynolds, D. D.; Dunham, K. R.; Tinker, J. F. Disproportionation of unsymmetrical carbonates. Journal of Organic Chemistry (1959), 24 64-8.
Allen, C. F. H.; Reynolds, G. A.; Webster, S. K.; Williams, J. L. R.. Pyrolysis of barium 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate. Journal of Organic Chemistry (1962), 27 1447-8
Williams, J. L. R.; Laakso, T. M. Characterization of unsaturated compounds by means of acycyclone. Makromolekulare Chemie (1965), 82 281-3.
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ORGANIC PHOTOCHEMISTRY/POLYMERS/PROBES
Searle, Roger; Williams, J. L. R.; DeMeyer, D. E.; Doty, J. C. The sensitization of stilbene isomerization. Chemical Communications (London) (1967), (22), 1165.
Searle, Roger; Williams, Jack L. R.; Doty, J. C.; DeMeyer, D. E.; Merrill, Stewart H.; Laakso, Thomas M. Preparation and properties of photoreactive polymers. II. The quantum yield of stilbene photoisomerization sensitized by poly(vinylbenzophenone). Makromolekulare Chemie (1967), 107 246-9.
Hammond, Howell A.; DeMeyer, D. E.; Williams, Jack L. R.. Quantum yields for the sensitized photoisomerization of cis- and trans-stilbene. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1969), 91(18), 5180-1.
Hammond, Howell A.; Doty, J. C.; Laakso, Thomas M.; Williams, Jack L. R.. Photoreactive polymers. III. Photoisomerization of cis- and trans-stilbene sensitized by poly(naphthoylstyrenes). Macromolecules (1970), 3(6), 711-15.
Farid, S.; Doty, J. C.; Williams, J. L. R.. Reactions of the exciplex from singlet-excited phenanthrene and dimethyl fumarate. Oxetane formation, intersystem crossing, and emission. Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications (1972), (12), 711-12.
Farid, S.; Hartman, S. E.; Doty, J. C.; Williams, J. L. R.. Singlet and triplet exciplexes in the photoreaction of phenanthrene with dimethyl fumarate. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1975), 97(13), 3697-702.
Specht, Donald P.; Williams, Jack L. R.; Chen, Teh Hsuan; Farid, Samir. Photochemical deamination of phenylenediamines in acidic solutions. Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications (1975), (17), 705-6.
Williams, J. L. R.; Daly, R. C. Photochemical probes in polymers. Progress in Polymer Science (1977), 5(2), 61-93
Martic, P. A.; Daly, R. C.; Williams, J. L. R.; Farid, S. Effect of polymeric matrices and temperatures on exciplex emissions. Journal of Polymer Science, Polymer Letters Edition (1977), 15(5), 295-7.
Farid, S.; Martic, P. A.; Daly, R. C.; Thompson, D. R.; Specht, D. P.; Hartman, S. E.; Williams, J. L. R.. Selected aspects of photochemistry in polymer media. Pure and Applied Chemistry (1979), 51(2), 241-59
Martic, P. A.; Daly, R. C.; Williams, J. L. R.; Farid, S. Decreased stabilization energy of excimers and exciplexes in polymeric matrices. Journal of Polymer Science, Polymer Letters Edition (1979), 17(5), 305-8.
Martic, Peter A.; Hartman, Susan E.; Williams, Jack L. R.; Farid, Samir. Hydrophobic interactions of aromatic hydrocarbons induced by surfactants and polyelectrolytes. Solution Behav. Surfactants: Theor. Appl. Aspects, [Proc. Int. Symp.] (1982), Meeting Date 1980, 1 693-6.
Williams, J. L. R.; Specht, D. P.; Farid, S. Ketocoumarins as photosensitizers and photoinitiators. Polymer Engineering and Science (1983), 23(18), 1022-4.
Herkstroeter, W. G.; Martic, P. A.; Hartman, S. E.; Williams, J. L. R.; Farid, S. Unique hydrophobic interactions of pyrene in aqueous solution as effected by polyelectrolytes and surfactants. Journal of Polymer Science, Polymer Chemistry Edition (1983), 21(8), 2473-90
Wintgens, V.; Pouliquen, J.; Kossanyi, J.; Williams, J. L. R.; Doty, J. C. Emission of substituted pyrylium and thiapyrylium salts: phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence emission in polymeric matrixes. Polymer Photochemistry (1985), 6(1), 1-20.
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BORON PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND RELATED PAPERS
Williams, Jack L. R.; Doty, J. C.; Grisdale, Patrick J.; Regan, Thomas H.; Borden, Douglas G. Boron photochemistry: 1-phenyl-1,4-cyclohexadiene from sodium tetraphenylborate. Chemical Communications (London) (1967), (3), 109.
Williams, Jack L. R.; Grisdale, Patrick J.; Doty, J. C. Photochemical decomposition of triphenylboron and its complexes. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1967), 89(17
Williams, Jack L. R.; Doty, J. C.; Grisdale, Patrick J.; Searle, Roger; Regan, Thomas H.; Happ, Glenn P.; Maier, D. P. Boron photochemistry. I. Irradiation of sodium tetraarylborates in aqueous solution. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1967), 89(20), 5153-7.
Williams, Jack L. R.; Doty, J. C.; Grisdale, Patrick J.; Regan, Thomas H.; Happ, Glenn P.; Maier, D. P. Boron photochemistry. II. Irradiation of sodium tetraarylborates in alcohol solutions. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1968), 90(1), 53-5.
Williams, Jack L. R.; Grisdale, Patrick J.; Doty, J. C.; Glogowski, M. E.; Babb, B. E.; Maier, D. P. Boron photochemistry. III. Photolysis of some naphthalene-substituted borate complexes. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry (1968), 14(1), 53-62.
Grisdale, P. J.; Babb, B. E.; Doty, J. C.; Regan, T. H.; Maier, D. P.; Williams, J. L. R.. Boron photochemistry. IV. A stable triarylborane from the photolysis of potassium dimesityldiphenylborate. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry (1968), 14(1), 63-72.
Grisdale, Patrick J.; Regan, Thomas H.; Doty, J. C.; Figueras, John; Williams, Jack L. R.. Phenylcyclohexadienes. Journal of Organic Chemistry (1968), 33(3), 1116-19.
Grisdale, Patrick J.; Williams, Jack L. R.. Boron photochemistry. V. Photochemical syntheses of the borazarophenanthrene, boroxarophenanthrene and the borathiarophenanthrene ring systems. Journal of Organic Chemistry (1969), 34(6), 1675-7.
Grisdale, Patrick J.; Williams, Jack L. R.. Boron containing analog of the norbornene ring system. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry (1970), 22(2), C19-C21
Grisdale, Patrick J.; Williams, Jack L. R.; Glogowski, M. E.; Babb, B. E. Boron photochemistry. VI. Possible role of bridged intermediates in the photolysis of borate complexes. Journal of Organic Chemistry (1971), 36(4), 544-9.
Doty, J. C.; Grisdale, P. J.; Evans, T. R.; Williams, J. L. R.. Boron photochemistry. VII. Photochemically induced electron transfer from tetraphenylborate anion to singlet oxygen. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry (1971), 32(2
Grisdale, P. J.; Glogowski, M. E.; Williams, J. L. R.. Boron photochemistry. VIII. Oxidative photocyclization of anilinoboranes. Journal of Organic Chemistry (1971), 36(24), 3821-4
Doty, J. C.; Babb, B.; Grisdale, P. J.; Glogowski, M.; Williams, J. L. R.. Boron photochemistry. IX. Synthesis and fluorescent properties of dimesitylphenylboranes. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry (1972), 38(2), 229-36.
Glogowski, M. E.; Grisdale, P. J.; Williams, J. L. R.; Regan, T. H. Boron photochemistry. X. Anilinodiarylboranes. Their synthesis and photochemistry. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry (1973), 54 51-60.
Glogowski, M. E.; Grisdale, P. J.; Williams, J. L. R.; Costa, L. Boron photochemistry. XI. Unusual luminescence and spectral properties of anilinodimesitylboranes. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry (1974), 74(2), 175-83.
Glogowski, M. E.; Williams, J. L. R.. Boron photochemistry. XII. The role of iodine in the photocyclization of anilinodimesitylboranes. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry (1980), 195(2), 123-35.
Glogowski, M. E.; Williams, J. L. R.. Boron photochemistry. XIII. A new electron-withdrawing group: the dimesitylboryl group. Fundam. Res. Organomet. Chem., Proc. China-Jpn.-U. S. Trilateral Semin. Organomet. Chem., 1st (1982), Meeting Date 1980, 931-41.
Glogowski, M. E.; Williams, J. L. R.. Boron photochemistry. XIV. The dimesitylboryl group as an auxochrome in dyes: the synthesis of para-substituted dimesitylborylphenylazonaphthol dyes. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry (1981), 216(1), 1-8
Glogowski, M. E.; Williams, J. L. R.. Boron photochemistry. XV. Determination of the Hammett substituent constant for the p-dimesitylboryl group. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry (1981), 218(2), 137-46
Glogowski, M. E.; Zumbulyadis, N.; Williams, J. L. R.. Boron photochemistry. XVI. Base stabilization of dimesitylboryl-containing dyes and related boron-11 NMR studies. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry (1982), 231(2), 97-107.
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PHOTOCROSSLINKABLE POLYMERS/PHOTOREACTIVE POLYMERS
Smith, Albert C., Jr.; Williams, Jack L. R.; Unruh, Cornelius C. Polymeric chalcones and their use in preparation of resist images. (1957), US 2816091 19571210
Williams, Jack L. R.. Photocrosslinkable polymers. Society of Plastics Engineers, Mid-hudson Section, Regional Technical Conference, Technical Papers (1967), (Nov. 6-7), 123-5
Williams, Jack L. R.. Photopolymerization and photocrosslinking of polymers. Fortschritte der Chemischen Forschung (1969), 13(2), 227-50.
Arcesi, Joseph A.; Rauner, Frederick J.; Williams, Jack L. R.. Synthesis and characterization of photocrosslinkable polysulfonates. Society of Plastics Engineers, Mid-hudson Section, Regional Technical Conference, Technical Papers (1970), (Oct. 15-16), 19-23
Borden, Douglas G.; Williams, Jack L. R.; Laakso, Thomas M. Light-sensitive polymers. Def. Publ. U. S. Pat. Off. T (1970).
Borden, Douglas G.; Williams, Jack L. R.. Photosensitive polymers. Def. Publ. U. S. Pat. Off. T (1970),
Laakso, Thomas M.; Van Nice, Harold L.; Williams, Jack L. R.. Light sensitive chalcone polyesters. Def. Publ. U. S. Pat. Off. T (1970), 21 pp. US 870021
Williams, Jack L. R.; Laakso, Thomas M.; Borden, Douglas G. Photosensitive polymers and their photographic applications. Fr. Demande (1971). FR 2058289
Laakso, Thomas M.; Williams, Jack L. R.. Photosensitive polymers. Def. Publ. U. S. Pat. Off. T (1971).
Tuites, Richard C.; Laakso, Thomas M.; Williams, Jack L. R.; Minsk, Louis M. Photosensitive polymers. Def. Publ. U. S. Pat. Off. T (1971), US 888007
Arcesi, Joseph A.; Rauner, Frederick J.; Williams, Jack L. R.. Photoreactive polymers. IV. Synthesis and characterization of photocrosslinkable polysulfonates. Journal of Applied Polymer Science (1971), 15(3), 513-18.
Williams, J. L. R.. Photoreactive polymers. Charged and Reactive Polymers (1972), 1(Polyelectrolytes, Pap. NATO Adv. Study Inst. Charged React. Polym., 1972), 507-28.
Williams, J. L. R.. Photoreactive polymer systems. Technical Papers - Society of Plastics Engineers (1976), 22 182-5
Williams, J. L. R.; Arcesi, J. A. Photoreactive polymer systems for image formation. Technical Papers, Regional Technical Conference - Society of Plastics Engineers (1976), (Photopolymers: Princ., Processes Mater., Reg. Tech. Conf., Oct. 13-15), 1-16.
Williams, J. L. R.; Farid, S. Y.; Doty, J. C.; Daly, R. C.; Specht, D. P.; Searle, R.; Borden, D. G.; Chang, H. J.; Martic, P. A. The design of photoreactive polymer systems for imaging processes. Pure and Applied Chemistry (1977), 49(4), 523-38.
Borden, Douglas G.; Williams, Jack L. R.. Photopolymer design: photocrosslinkable styrylpyridinium substituted vinyl polymers with absorption maxima from 270 nm to 540 nm. Makromolekulare Chemie (1977), 178(11), 3035-49.
Williams, J. L. R.; Molaire, M. F. Photoreactive polymers. Kirk-Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol., 3rd Ed. (1982), 17 680-708
Daly, R. C.; Williams, J. L. R. Polymer imaging in the semiconductor industries. Polymer News (1986), 11(6), 164-8.
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STYRYLPYRIDINES
Williams, J. L. R.. Photodimerization of 2-styrylpyridine. Journal of Organic Chemistry (1960), 25 1839-40.
Williams, J. L. R.; Webster, S. K.; Van Allan, J. A. cis- and trans-Isomers of 2-styrylpyridine. Journal of Organic Chemistry (1961), 26 4893-5
Williams, J. L. R.. Trans-cis-trans phototropism of 2-styrylpyridine methiodide. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1962), 84 1323
Williams, J. L. R.; Adel, R. E.; Carlson, J. M.; Reynolds, G. A.; Borden, D. G.; Ford, J. A., Jr. A comparison of methods for the preparation of 2- and 4-styrylpyridines. Journal of Organic Chemistry (1963), 28 387-90
Williams, J. L. R.; Carlson, J. M.; Reynolds, G. A.; Adel, R. E. Photodimers of 4'-substituted 2-styrylpyridines. Journal of Organic Chemistry (1963), 28 1317-20.
Williams, J. L. R.; Borden, D. G. Preparation and properties of polymers. I. 2-(Arylvinyl)-N-vinylpyridinium arenesulfonate polymers. Makromolekulare Chemie (1964), 73 203-14.
Williams, J. L. R.; Carlson, J. M.; Adel, R. E.; Reynolds, G. A. Photochemical transformations of some 4'-amino-2-styrylpyridines and their salts. Canadian Journal of Chemistry (1965), 43(5), 1343-54
Grisdale, Patrick J.; Doty, J. C.; Regan, Thomas H.; Williams, Jack L. R.. Reaction of styrylpyridine methiodides with aniline. Journal of Organic Chemistry (1967), 32(8), 2401-5.
Doty, J. C.; Williams, Jack L. R.; Grisdale, Patrick J. Base strengths of substituted 2- and 4-styrylpyridines in the ground and excited states. Canadian Journal of Chemistry (1969), 47(13), 2355-9.
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POLYESTERS/AMIDES
Van Den Berghe, John; Williams, Jack L. R.. Polyester amides. (1958), US 2856385
Williams, Jack L. R.; Laakso, Thomas T. M. Monomeric esters of N,N'-bis(p-carboxybenzoyl)alkylene-diamines. (1958), US 2848479
Williams, Jack L. R.; Laakso, Thomas T. M. Polyesters. (1958), US 2839508
Williams, Jack L. R.; Dunham, Kenneth R. Aromatic polycarbonate plastics made with alkaline earth alkoxide catalysts. (1958), US 2843567
Williams, Jack L. R.; Laakso, Thomas T. M. Copolyesters of glycols, alkylenediamine dicarboxylates, and isophthalates. (1958), US 2861055
Williams, Jack L. R.; Laakso, Thomas T. M. Quenchable copolyesters of a glycol, terephthalic acid, and an alkylene diamine dicarboxylate. (1958), US 2851443
Williams, Jack L. R.; Laakso, Thomas T. M. N,N'-Bis(p-alkoxycarbonylbenzoyl)piperazines and their polyesters. (1958), US 2852492
Williams, Jack L. R.; Laakso, Thomas M. Polyesters. (1959), GB 824308 19591125
Williams, Jack L. R.; Dunham, Kenneth R. Manufacture of polyesters with controlled agitation. (1959), US 2904534
Williams, J. L. R.; Laakso, T. M.; Dunham, K. R.; Borden, D. G.; Van den-Berghe, J.; VanAllan, J. A.; Reynolds, D. D. Bis(ester amides) of terephthalic acid. Journal of Organic Chemistry (1960), 25 817-20
Laakso, Thomas M.; Williams, Jack L. R.. Linear polyesters containing an alkylenediamine group. (1960), US 2925405
Reynolds, Delbert D.; Williams, Jack L. R.. Polyesters from N,N'-bis(carboxy-substituted organic radical)-p-xylylenediamines. (1960), US 2956984
Williams, J. L. R.; Carlson, J. M.; Reynolds, G. A. Interfacial polymerization in the preparation of regularly alternating polyester-amides. Makromolekulare Chemie (1963), 65 54-9.
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QUATERNARY POLYMERS
Leubner, Gerhard W.; Williams, Jack L. R.; Unruh, Cornelius C. Light-sensitive polymeric stilbazoles and their quaternary salts. (1957), US 2811510
Smith, Albert C., Jr.; Williams, Jack L. R.; Unruh, Cornelius Charles. Polymeric chalcones and their use in preparation of resist images. (1959), GB 820173
Williams, Jack L. R.. Light-sensitive polymeric quaternary salts. (1959), US 2908667
Robertson, Earl M.; Leubner, Gerhard W.; Williams, Jack L. R.; Unruh, Cornelius C. Photographic reproduction process using light-sensitive polymeric stilbazoles and their quaternary salts. (1959), GB 822932
Matthews Laakso, Thomas T.; Williams, Jack L. R.; Garber, Calvin S. Quaternary salts of C-vinylpyridine polymers. (1960), GB 855028
Laakso, Thomas M.; Williams, Jack L. R.. Quaternary salts of vinylpyridine polymers for antistatic photographic films. (1960), GB
Laakso, Thomas M.; Williams, Jack L. R.. Condensation products of C-vinylpyridinomethyl ketone halide polymers with hydrazides containing quaternized nitrogen groups for use as antistatic coatings on photographic films. (1961), US
Laakso, Thomas Matthews; Williams, Jack L. R.. Polymeric quaternary salts. (1961), GB 878662
Laakso, Thomas Matthews; Williams, Jack L. R.. Condensation products of quaternary salts of resinous C-vinylpyridine polymers with hydrazines containing quaternary nitrogen atoms for imparting antistatic properties to photographic films. (1961), GB 864874
Laakso, Thomas M.; Williams, Jack L. R.. Condensation products of poly(vinyl ketones) with hydrazides containing quaternary nitrogen groups for antistatic treatment of photographic film. (1963), 3 pp.; Division of U.S. 2,972,537
Laakso, Thomas M.; Williams, Jack L. R.; Garber, Calvin S. Quaternary salts of C-vinylpyridine polymers with compounds containing haloacetyl groups for coating wrapping materials and photographic films. (1964), 8pp.; Division of U.S. 2,972,335. US
Heseltine, Donald W.; Brooks, Dugald A.; Taber, Robert C.; Williams, Jack L. R.. Alkali-sensitive photographic mordants. Fr. (1967), FR 1489356
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ISOTACTIC POLYSTYRENE
Williams, Jack L. R.; Van Den Berghe, John; Dulmage, William J.; Dunham, Kenneth R. Crystallizable polystyrene. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1956), 78 1260.
Williams, Jack L. R.; Van den Berghe, John; Dunham, Kenneth R.; Dulmage, William J. Crystallizable polystyrene. I. Polymerization of styrene with Alfin catalysts. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1957), 79 1716-20.
Williams, Jack L. R.; Laakso, Thomas M.; Dulmage, Wm. J. Crystallizable polystyrene. II. Polymerization of styrene with triphenylmethyl potassium and related compounds. Journal of Organic Chemistry (1958), 23 638-9.
Williams, J. L. R.; Berghe, J. Vanden; Dunham, K. R.; Laakso, T. M.; Dulmage, W. J.; Contois, L. Crystallizable polystyrene. III. Comparison of crystallinities of polystyrenes prepared using various catalysts. Journal of Organic Chemistry (1958), 23 1206-8
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MISCELLANEOUS
VanAllan, James A.; Williams, Jack L. R.. Photographic elements containing polymeric ultraviolet-absorbing compounds. (1959), US 2882150
Williams, Jack L. R.; Cossar, Bernard C. Polythia alkylene diol photographic sensitizers. (1962), US 3021215
Williams, Jack L. R.; Reynolds, George A. Pyrylium salts as Q-switches. Journal of Applied Physics (1968), 39(11), 5327-8
Williams, Jack L. R.; Grisdale, Patrick J. New product research, process development, and design. Chemistry & Industry (London, United Kingdom) (1968), (43), 1477-9.
Williams, Jack L. R.. Mordants for bleachable filter layers. U.S. (1969), 7 US 3444138
Reynolds, George Arthur; Laakso, Thomas M.; Borden, Douglas G.; Williams, Jack L. R.. Photographic material. Ger. Offen. (1971), DE 2041967
Campbell, G. A.; Williams, J. L. R.. Use of polymers in the field of photography. Revista de Plasticos Modernos (1982), 43(308), 177-84
Campbell, G. A.; Williams, J. L. R.. Polymers in photography. Polymer News (1983), 8(10), 294-300.
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Opening Slide Show • Education & Career •
The 6-Meter Beast
6 Meters & 20 Years •
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